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When making wine, pH measures the acidity of the wine, determining its ripeness. A wine that has a low pH level (more acidic) typically tastes sour and dry, while a wine that is more alkaline (has a high pH) will taste flat and lack freshness due to increased bacterial growth. The pH of most wine […]

pH plays a significant role in fermentation, influencing enzyme activity, microbial growth, and product spectrum. During fermentation, as the pH drops and becomes more acidic, the rate of fermentation increases. This is because the organisms that allow glucose to ferment have adapted to low-pH environments.  Fermentation is a widely used process in various industries ranging

Fermentation is a crucial process in the production of our favorite drinks, like beer and wine, as well as various food products like bread and yogurt. Temperature plays a significant role in the success of fermentation, influencing the behavior of the microorganisms responsible for this chemical transformation.  Fermentation is a metabolic process that occurs in

A bioreactor is a device or system that provides an optimal and controlled environment for biological and chemical reactions.  A bioreactor is a vessel or system that typically involves the growth and maintenance of microorganisms, mammalian, plant and stem cells, tissues, and algae.  Bioreactors have revolutionized various industries, including biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, food production, and wastewater

Bioreactors are versatile pieces of equipment used in various industries for a range of applications. Bioreactors are used for research, development, and production purposes in industries such as pharmaceuticals to create vaccines, fermentation in the food and beverage industry, biofuel production, agriculture, and waste management. Bioreactors are the backbone of modern biotechnology, allowing for the

During the first stages of fermentation, kombucha requires oxygen to allow the symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) to consume sugars and excrete alcohol and CO2. During this time, the kombucha needs to be well-ventilated with oxygen. However, during the second fermentation stage, the kombucha develops its carbonation and is kept away from oxygen.

The first step in setting up a bioreactor is to choose the appropriate type of bioreactor for your application, followed by preparing the culture media. Then sterilization of the bioreactor components is required. After sterilization, the bioreactor is assembled according to the manufacturer’s instructions and the type of bioreactor. Lastly, various parameters such as temperature,

There are many different types of bioreactors including bubble column bioreactors, continuous stirred tank bioreactors, fluidized bed bioreactors, packed bed bioreactors, and photobioreactors. The most common bioreactors are the stirred tank, airlift, and fixed-bed types.  Bioreactors are essential tools in biotechnology and have revolutionized research in various fields. They are most commonly used in the

pH refers to the level of acidity or alkalinity in meat, and it plays a crucial role in determining the quality of the meat you eat. A proper pH level ensures that the meat is fresh, tender, and juicy. It also helps in preserving the meat for a longer period of time. When the pH

In hydroponics, electrical conductivity (EC) is the measurement of conductance/conductivity within your hydroponic nutrient solution; EC tells you the number of available nutrients in your hydroponic system. Electrical conductivity is measured using an EC meter.  Hydroponics is a rapidly growing field that allows individuals to grow plants without soil, using a nutrient-rich solution instead. However,