Conductivity is a vital parameter when determining water quality. As salinity and temperature increase, conductivity also increases, which can have a negative effect on the quality of water. This is because the higher the conductivity, the higher amount of impurities (dissolved substances, chemicals, and minerals) are in the water. Conductivity is one of the most

A conductivity meter is an essential measuring tool for a range of applications and industries. When the probe (attached to the conductivity meter) is inserted into the solution, an electrical current flows between the electrons inside the probe which reads the electrical current, providing a conductance value.  Electrical Conductivity or (EC) measures the ability of

Temperature affects the conductivity of solutions and metals, because of the effect it has on the viscosity of solutions and the nature of ions. When temperature changes, so does conductivity; conductivity invariability increases when temperature increases. Electrical conductivity (EC) measures the ability of a material to transmit an electrical current over a certain distance, commonly

Dissolved oxygen probes work by measuring the amount of oxygen that diffuses across a permeable (or semi-permeable) membrane into a probe (sensor). Once oxygen is inside the sensor, a chemical reduction reaction occurs, producing an electrical signal. This signal is read by the DO probe and is displayed on a meter.  Dissolved oxygen (DO) comes

Dissolved oxygen (DO) describes the amount of oxygen (O2) molecules that are dissolved in water. Oxygen is an essential element for all forms of life, therefore, dissolved oxygen plays an important role from the survival of aquatic organisms, to determining water quality for safe human use. As dissolved oxygen (DO) is one of the most

Dissolved oxygen does not directly affect pH levels because there is no physical-chemical connection between the two. However, in some cases there are indirect relationships from external factors, such as additional nutrients increasing algal growth. Dissolved oxygen and pH are important parameters that determine distributions of aquatic organisms and water quality.  Dissolved oxygen (DO) describes

Dissolved oxygen (DO) describes the amount of oxygen (O2) molecules that are dissolved in water. Dissolved oxygen is affected by both anthropogenic (human activities) and natural factors. Naturally, water conditions such as salinity and temperature, and too many aquatic organisms can affect DO levels. Humans also have an impact on DO levels in water from

pH probes contain two electrodes (a sensor electrode and a reference electrode) that measure the hydrogen-ion activity in a solution. The exchange of ions generates a voltage that is measured by the pH meter converting the voltage into a readable pH value.  The glass electrode was invented by Nobel Prize winner Fritz Haber in 1909,

Temperature sensors are a device used in our everyday lives to measure the temperature of the air, a liquid, and solid matter in a wide range of industries and applications.  Temperature sensors are found everywhere. If you have ever received a notification on a hot day that your smartphone has got too hot, that is