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Beer brewing relies on pH levels to determine the acidity – of which many are acidic, with an average of 4.0-4.4. Beer should be slightly acidic, as a high pH can lead to harsh flavors and incomplete enzymatic conversion of the mash. During beer production, measuring the pH is important at every stage of the […]

Electrical conductivity refers to the ability of water to conduct an electrical current in a solution over a certain distance, usually measured in Siemens (S) per distance. The power for water to conduct electricity comes from the ion concentration within the water, which comes from dissolved solids and inorganic materials like carbonate compounds, chlorides, and

If total alkalinity (TA) levels inside pool water are low, but pH levels are above 6.8, an alkalinity increaser (sodium bicarbonate: baking powder/soda) is added. When both the pH and TA need raising, a pH increaser (sodium carbonate: soda ash) is used. If the alkalinity swings too high during treatment, a pH reducer (sodium bisulfate)

Demineralized water is water that has been treated to remove most of its mineral content as a result of distillation, deionization, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, or another water purification technology. While demineralized water is necessary for many industrial and commercial applications, it is often not consumed as drinking water, because all (or most) impurities are removed,

Purified water, as the name suggests, is one of the purest types of water that you can drink, as it has been purified via different processes (distillation, reverse osmosis, ion exchange, and sometimes ozonation) to alter the levels of minerals and flavors. Distilled water is a form of purified water. However, it only goes through

Pressure sensors help notify maintenance teams of risks before serious failures occur, allowing corrective action to take place. There are seven main types of pressure sensors: Aneroid barometer pressure sensors, manometer pressure sensors, bourdon tube pressure sensors, vacuum (Pirani) pressure sensors, sealed pressure sensors, piezoelectric pressure sensors, and strain gauge pressure sensors.  Pressure sensors are

Humidity sensors are used to achieve comfortable, safe, and efficient environments in a wide range of applications. They are typically used in HVAC systems to control the temperature of the room and to prevent respiratory issues from mold growth. Humidity sensors are also used in printers, ovens, greenhouses, food processing, and laboratory applications, just to

There are three primary humidity sensor types: capacitive, resistive, and thermal conductive sensors. The first two are designed to sense relative humidity (RH), and thermal conductivity sensors are used to detect absolute humidity (AH). A humidity sensor is one of the most important devices used in a wide range of applications to measure and monitor

The general rule of thumb is to calibrate a pH meter before every use. However, calibration depends on factors like the type of sample being tested, the performance of the electrodes inside the pH probe, how often the pH meter is used, and the accuracy required.  A pH meter is an essential measuring tool in

A pH meter is an essential tool in laboratory settings to measure the pH of solutions in pharmaceutical, chemical, and biotechnology industries. A laboratory pH meter has a high measurement range, providing the user with a more accurate and precise reading. A pH meter is also used to monitor the growth of pathogenic microorganisms that