pomelo

When surface water becomes polluted by contaminants, it puts strains on global drinking water supplies and aquatic animals and plants that rely on surface water environments. Surface water pollution comes from four main sources: agricultural runoff, sewage/wastewater, oil pollution, and radioactive substances.  Water is the most valuable resource in the world; without water, we would […]

Groundwater is most important for providing water during irrigation and clean drinking water.  Groundwater is a vital supply of water on Earth, providing as much as 50% of the global population’s drinking water supply, and ~40% to irrigate crops. It is estimated that 2.5 billion people worldwide rely on groundwater sources for basic needs to

The two main factors between groundwater and surface water are where the sources originate from and the difference in water quality. Groundwater comes from beneath the Earth’s surface, whereas surface water is found on top of the Earth’s crust in lakes, rivers, and so on. As surface water is exposed, it is more likely to

Electrical isolation is needed to separate an electrical circuit, while still allowing the wanted signal to transmit through the circuit. Methods such as transformers, optical isolators, and capacitors are commonly used to prevent dangerous voltages from passing through to the user and to reduce electrical faults/failures.  Electrical isolation is the separation between two circuits that

Electrical isolation connects or disconnects a section of a circuit using a mechanical switch to protect the user from high voltages and to protect electrical equipment from damages.  There are different types of electrical isolation switches available, but they all ensure there is efficient distribution of power.  Electrical currents refer to the flow of atomic

Water purification methods are used to meet water quality standards for individual households and whole cities. Purification methods include boiling water, distillation, disinfection, and filtration, however, less common ways to purify water like solar purification and adding iodine are also sometimes used.  Water purification involves removing unwanted chemicals, contaminants, suspended solids, and gasses from the

It is not recommended to drink acidic water because of the high concentration of heavy metals and potentially dangerous health effects such as tooth decay and bone loss. Water that has a low pH can also damage your plumbing system, leaching metals into your water supply.  To determine if water is acidic, alkaline, or neutral,

Carbon dioxide is the most common cause of acidic water, however, anthropogenic (human-induced) pollution which causes acid rain, can also make the water acidic.  When water becomes acidic, it is very corrosive, and when water becomes corrosive, it can damage plumbing systems, costing water industries millions of dollars in repair costs. Acidic water can also

There are two types of float switches: stem-mounted float switches and cable-suspended switches. These float switches can be horizontal or vertical.  There are many ways of monitoring the amount of liquid in a tank. Pressure sensors give you high accuracy; ultrasonic sensors are contact-free but the simplicity and low cost of a float switch cannot

Turbidity is an important indicator of suspended sediments in water, the presence of pathogens, bacteria, and other contaminants, which can negatively affect aquatic life and water quality. Turbidity refers to the haziness or cloudiness of a liquid, such as water. These conditions are caused by suspended solids or tiny particles that are too small to