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Water quality is often described by different indicators such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, total dissolved solids, conductivity, suspended sediment, nutrients, metals, hydrocarbons, and industrial chemicals.  Water quality is one of the most important factors in aquatic ecosystems and ensuring water is safe for human use. Actions made on land have a major effect on

Measuring pH is important within a variety of industries, which can be measured in several ways. While both pH meters and pH paper are portable methods to measure a solution’s pH, pH meters provide more accurate results and color blindness is not an issue as results are displayed on a digital readable display. However, pH

Testing dissolved oxygen (DO) in water is either measured via chemical analysis such as a titrimetric method, electroanalytical (using galvanic & polarographic probes), optical dissolved oxygen, and colorimetric methods. However, modern techniques mainly use electrochemical or optical sensor methods.  Oxygen is not only important in the air we breathe, but it is also an essential

Salinity is the measurement of salts dissolved in a solution of water. Salinity is measured in percentage (%) or parts per thousand (ppt) and is tested either with a conductivity meter, hydrometer, or refractometer.  Salinity is an important water parameter to measure in terms of water quality as different crops, livestock, and aquatic organisms require

Water covers around 71% of the Earth’s surface, and one of the main issues we are facing today is water pollution. We must reduce water pollution, which is why there are many solutions to combat the problem.  Sometimes water becomes polluted with chemicals such as oil, harmful bacteria, and other microorganisms. When water becomes polluted,

pH is important in hydroponics because plants grown in hydroponic systems require different pH levels than plants grown in soil. Getting the right level of pH is vital as it affects nutrient availability and plant growth.  Hydroponic cultivation allows you to grow anywhere, produce higher yields, control the conditions, and fewer resources are needed, thus

Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), also known as redox, is the electron exchange potential that measures if a substance (usually liquid) is either oxidized or reduced. ORP is commonly used to measure cleanliness in water systems and the breakdown of waste products, detritus, and contaminants. ORP tells us if water quality is high or low in any

pH is important for a wide range of industries from aquaculture to wastewater treatments that require an accurate pH reading, especially when it comes down to human safety.  Potential for hydrogen, or pH, is a measurement to quantify the chemical conditions (the number of hydrogen ions) of an aqueous solution and is vital in a