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River water must contain sufficient dissolved oxygen levels to sustain a healthy and balanced environment for aquatic life, including plants, fish, and other animals. In rivers, these organisms require oxygen to respire, and without it, they are unable to live.  Clean freshwater is essential for both humans and other organisms to survive. Rivers are a […]

Testing oxygen (O2) in a fish tank is simple! While a dissolved oxygen (DO) meter may be slightly pricier than a dissolved oxygen test kit, they are the most accurate way to measure oxygen levels in a fish tank. A DO meter includes an oxygen probe that assesses the amount of DO in the water. 

Aquaculture has numerous advantages, including meeting rising global seafood demand, relieving pressures on wild fish stocks, generating employment opportunities, increasing food security, promoting sustainability, and potentially offsetting traditional fishing method’s environmental challenges.  Seafood consumption is growing globally. According to the Seafood–Global Market Trajectory & Analytics 2022 report, the seafood market worldwide will grow from $116.8bn

Understanding the water quality parameters for fish farming is essential for a successful and healthy yield. The parameters include temperature, turbidity, alkalinity, pH level, water hardness, ammonia, nitrite, dissolved oxygen, and salinity.  Fish farming, also known as aquaculture, is an intricate exercise that demands careful attention to various aspects of the aquatic environment. Among these,

​​The chemical processing industry is a cornerstone of global manufacturing, encompassing the production of chemicals, petrochemicals, and essential industrial products. This intricate sector involves transforming raw materials through chemical reactions, creating diverse compounds used in everyday life, from polymers and fragrances to rubber and explosives. The industry demands specialized equipment and rigorous safety measures due

The chlorination of water typically involves six main steps/methods. These include plain chlorination, pre-chlorination, post-chlorination, double or multiple chlorinations, break-point chlorination, and super chlorination. Depending on the use of the water will determine which chlorination method is best. Some industries such as drinking water, may require more than one method of chlorinating the water.  Many

Fish farming also known as aquaculture involves the controlled culture of aquatic organisms in controlled environments. There are four major systems of aquaculture which include traditional pond farming and recirculation systems, inshore-nearshore cage farms, and offshore cage farming/sea farming. Different systems have unique advantages and constraints in meeting the increasing demand for seafood around the

Water pollution is an environmental issue that concerns us all. It is the contamination of water bodies such as rivers, oceans, lakes, and groundwater caused by human activities, which can be harmful to organisms and plants that live in these water bodies. The main sources of water pollution include industrial waste, sewage and wastewater, mining

Some of the practices that can be carried out include but are not limited to the regular removal of organic debris from the pond, the introduction of aquatic plants for nutrient absorption and oxygenation, and the addition of beneficial bacteria to break down waste. Constant pH, temperature, and oxygen level checks also assist in keeping

Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) or redox monitors the condition of the reverse osmosis (RO) plant. The ORP value indicates if the membrane will be susceptible to attack by chlorine or other oxidizers, which can cause significant damage, and shorten the lifespan of the RO plant, thus increasing maintenance costs. ORP is also used to detect the