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There are three primary humidity sensor types: capacitive, resistive, and thermal conductive sensors. The first two are designed to sense relative humidity (RH), and thermal conductivity sensors are used to detect absolute humidity (AH). A humidity sensor is one of the most important devices used in a wide range of applications to measure and monitor […]

The general rule of thumb is to calibrate a pH meter before every use. However, calibration depends on factors like the type of sample being tested, the performance of the electrodes inside the pH probe, how often the pH meter is used, and the accuracy required.  A pH meter is an essential measuring tool in

A pH meter is an essential tool in laboratory settings to measure the pH of solutions in pharmaceutical, chemical, and biotechnology industries. A laboratory pH meter has a high measurement range, providing the user with a more accurate and precise reading. A pH meter is also used to monitor the growth of pathogenic microorganisms that

Increased pH levels cause a bitter taste to drinking water and supplies, water pipes, and other appliances become encrusted with deposits. Additionally, a high pH in water decreases the effectiveness of using chlorine as a disinfectant. On the other hand, high pH levels corrode or dissolve metals in water, increasing toxicity levels. The potential of

Conductivity is measured using a conductivity meter and probe. A voltage is applied between two electrodes inside the conductivity probe when the probe is immersed inside a water sample. The resistance of the water causes a drop in the voltage, which is used to calculate the conductivity.  Conductivity measures the ability of a solution (usually

Ion exchange in water treatment involves removing undesirable ionic contaminants from the water by exchanging them with another ionic substance. The four methods of ion exchange are water softening, deionization, demineralization, and dealkalization.  It is essential to remove contaminants in water to make it safe.  When removing contaminants, the contaminant and the exchanged substance must

A humidity sensor detects changes in temperature or electrical currents in the air, typically using a humidity probe connected to a receiving device. There are three types of humidity sensors: relative humidity (RH) sensors, absolute humidity (AH) sensors, and thermal humidity sensors.  If you have ever grown produce in a greenhouse, or your house is

Soil pH is reduced by adding commercially available options like elemental sulfur, aluminum sulfate, and iron sulfate, or natural soil acidifiers like peat moss and compost. Is the pH of your soil too high? Did you know that soil that has a high pH creates toxic levels of certain nutrients, which are harmful to plants? 

There are four main temperature sensors used today in modern-day electronics: Negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistors, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), thermocouples, and semiconductor-based integrated (IC) sensors.  Temperature sensors are essential to everyday life. They measure the amount of heat a system or object gives off, typically setting off an alarm when a temperature change exceeds

Dissolved oxygen (DO) refers to the amount of oxygen dissolved in water. Oxygen enters the water by direct absorption from the atmosphere, a byproduct of aquatic plant photosynthesis, and groundwater discharge. Dissolved oxygen (DO) is a measure of the concentration of oxygen dissolved in the water, typically measured in parts per million (ppm), milligrams per