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Turbidity is an important indicator of suspended sediments in water, the presence of pathogens, bacteria, and other contaminants, which can negatively affect aquatic life and water quality.
Turbidity refers to the haziness or cloudiness of a liquid, such as water. These conditions are caused by suspended solids or tiny particles that are too small to be seen by the naked eye. This is why a turbidity sensor is required in a wide range of industries and applications.
Measuring turbidity is important when measuring the quality of water. Turbidity is used to indicate the presence of pathogens, bacteria, and other contaminants such as lead and mercury which are harmful to both aquatic life and human health. This is why turbidity is measured in drinking water and wastewater systems.
In wastewater treatments, low turbidity indicates the water contains few suspended solids/particles, ensuring it is clean, and the water quality is good. If the turbidity measurement is high, it likely means the wastewater treatment system needs some attention. This is usually due to contamination in the pipes or from waste discharge, and run-off.
Applications like surface water treatment plants measure turbidity and improve water quality by removing particles as they can affect the appearance, taste, and odor of the water.
In drinking water, turbidity is used to indicate the presence of bacteria, pathogens, or harmful particles during the disinfection process. This makes monitoring turbidity levels crucial in water treatment plants, so the water does not exceed the safe level for human consumption.
In addition to measuring water filtration systems, turbidity can also determine the number of contaminants/pollutants that remain in the water after it has been treated. This determines whether the drinking water filtration process has been successful.
Pathogen removal is particularly important as some pathogens, such as Cryptosporidium, have been linked to waterborne diseases. Such waterborne diseases are resistant to certain disinfectants in drinking water treatments therefore turbidity is also measured after water treatment.
In the drinking water industry, it can also be difficult to continuously measure the number of pollutants in the water because of financial and technical limitations. This is where turbidity comes in. Turbidity is a good alternative to measure the number of pollutants in the water, which can be measured continuously in-stream, serving a great importance in water filtration systems.
A turbidimeter is used to analyze the turbidity in drinking water. A minimum of two readings are taken to meet calibration standards and improve accuracy. A nephelometer (turbidity meter) is used, and either NTU or FTU units can be used.
In developed countries, drinking water should have a turbidity level below 1 NTU; 0.2 NTU is what most water companies aim for.
In developing countries or countries with low resources, the turbidity of drinking water should be below 5 NTU.
Measuring turbidity is important in industrial processes where particles may affect the end use of a product or ingredients used. Turbidity is widely used as a quality control measure in the beverage industry during manufacturing, particularly with wine and beer.
In the beer brewing and winemaking industry, turbidity meters are used to measure the haze of beer and wine, and the concentration of suspended particles. A light beam is shone into the beer or wine sample, and the light is scattered by present particles. The greater the turbidity measurement, the cloudier the wine or beer.
In streams and lakes, increased sedimentation and siltation occur from rainfall and erosion, which harms habitats where fish and other aquatic organisms live.
High turbidity levels (> 100,000 NTU) are lethal to fish. When fine particles enter the water, they increase turbidity, which can have harmful impacts on both freshwater, and saltwater fish.
Impacts of high turbidity on aquatic ecosystems:
Suspended sediments can block sunlight, stunting the growth of aquatic plants and smothering aquatic animals.
In addition to the above impacts of high turbidity, turbidity can also affect the amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) in water. When water becomes cloudy from sediment build-up, less light can reach the plants, so photosynthesis decreases. This causes a depletion in DO available for fish and other aquatic organisms.
If the water becomes too turbid, it loses the ability to support aquatic plants and animals, therefore measuring turbidity is very important to ensure the survival of aquatic organisms.
Older methods such as Secchi disks are still used today, however, the best way to measure turbidity is with a nephelometer, also known as a turbidity meter.
The units used are NTU or JTU, however, you may also come across alternative turbidity units, such as:
Turbidity was originally used as a qualitative measurement to measure the quality of drinking water. Today, turbidity is also important to measure the quality of water in aquatic environments, and wastewater systems, and to determine the cloudiness of beverages such as wine and beer.
If you have any questions regarding water quality or the water testing kits we have to offer, please feel free to reach out to our world-class team at Atlas Scientific, we are always happy to help!
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